Program options. Major in Exercise Science (45 credits) Honours in Exercise Science* (60 credits) The BSc Honours in Exercise Science offers additional courses providing research training in a variety of applied-science and health areas. Students graduating from the BSc Honours program will possess an academic background compatible with the ...059883F. Lismore. Term 1. $29,360 ($3,670 per unit) 059883F. Tuition fees are in Australian dollars, and are subject to change, including annual increases over the duration of a course. Annual tuition fee is based on completing 8 units per year. In addition students are required to pay OSHC for the duration of their visa in advance.The BS in Physical Education degree attracts teacher candidates who possess an enduring love of sports, physical fitness and wellness. Physical education (PE) teachers can serve as powerful role models and motivators for the next generation as they strive to make healthy choices and reach their full potential in the PK-12 grade school setting.The Bachelor of Science in health sciences with a concentration in healthy lifestyles and fitness science is the first program in the nation focused on preparing students for both the health and wellness coaching and fitness science fields. By combining exercise, wellness, nutrition and health sciences, this program provides you with a solid ...At SUNY Empire State College — a public institution — students can opt for an online Bachelor of Arts in Historical Studies and select from a wide range of concentrations, including Asian-American history, the history of women in the U.S., military history, history and literature, and public history. This degree requires the completion of …On Coursera, you’ll find bachelor’s degrees in liberal studies, applied arts and sciences, general business, computer science, information technology, marketing, general business, and business administration. Take time to think about your interests, career goals, and resources while exploring the degree areas listed above.The Bachelor of Health Sciences with Honours in the field of Biokinetics is a 1 year full-time degree which includes the first of 2 years of internship. Exercise is Medicine® On Campus The Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (CESSM) at Wits University is one of just 73 campuses worldwide that was awarded gold.Here are 10 common jobs for people who have a bachelor's degree in exercise science, including the average salary information for each job to help you understand the earning potential in this field: 1. Wellness coordinator. National average salary: $35,293 per year. Primary job duties: Wellness coordinators lead health initiatives and wellness ...The Bachelor of Applied Exercise Science/Master of Clinical Exercise Physiology is completed over 4.4 years of full-time study. The program is made up of 37 courses total, including four professional practice courses. Students are encouraged to undertake full-time study and complete the program over 4.4 years.Locations: Manhattan (KS) Annual Tuition: $26,316. Learn More. Kansas State University (K-State) is a large, public institution offering two online nutrition programs, totaling 120 credit hours each: a (1) Bachelor of Science in Dietetics and (2) Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Health.Exercise Science ( Bachelor's | Master's ) 98: 189: $31,450 : f Online Schools Programs Alumni Salary ; Fashion ( Bachelor's ) 24: 66: $35,790 : Finance ( Bachelor's | Master's ) 570: ... Graduates of an online bachelor's degree program will find themselves qualified for a wide range of jobs, or they may advance their studies by pursuing a ...Request Info Apply Now. Residential Exercise Science Program. The Bachelor of Science in Exercise Science prepares students for careers in the health and fitness industry, as well as graduate ... Locations: Tempe (AZ) (and 4 others) Accreditation: HLC. Learn More. Arizona State University (ASU) is a large, public university offering an online Bachelor of Science in Speech and Hearing Science requiring 117-120 credit hours. The program gives students an overview of human communication, language, and speech development.Athletic Trainer · Physical Therapist · Sport Coach · Strength & Conditioning Coach · Exercise Physiologist · Personal Trainer · Physician Assistant · Medical Doctor ...18 may 2023 ... Exercise Science Bachelor's Degree Programs. SportsDegreesOnline Written and edited by Sports Degrees Online staff. To learn more about the team ...1. George Mason University. You can earn a BS in Kinesiology degree on the Fairfax, VA campus of George Mason University. This exercise science degree program prepares you to work in wellness, corporate fitness, clinical exercise, and a host of other careers.Future undergraduates in Physical Activity and Sport Sciences should be interested in the following areas of knowledge: Sports and physical practices. Physical Education and teaching Sports and Physical activity. Social and Behavioral Sciences applied to the practice of physical activity and sport. Exercise Physiology, oriented towards health ...Beginning in Fall 2022, we will offer a 4+1 BS Exercise Science/MS Exercise Physiology program. This program will allow students to substitute select ...Bachelor of Sport and Exercise Science | UniSC | University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia ... Online programs are not available to Student visa ...On Coursera, you’ll find bachelor’s degrees in liberal studies, applied arts and sciences, general business, computer science, information technology, marketing, general business, and business administration. Take time to think about your interests, career goals, and resources while exploring the degree areas listed above.Our BS in Exercise Science degree is fully accredited by the Commission for Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP). This national ...Get a bachelor’s degree in exercise science and physiology from Salem University. Study biology, anatomy, kinesiology, nutrition, and more online or on campus. Apply NowVisit & ConnectRequest InfoStudent PortalSearch Search for: Home Future Students Admissions Undergraduate Graduate International Students Transfer Students Online Learning The difference between a bachelor of arts (BA) and bachelor of science (BS, BSc) degree is that the BA typically requires a set of core courses in the humanities and social sciences. Students pursuing a BA tend to have more opportunities to...Curriculum. With the online Bachelor’s in Health and Human Performance, you’ll comprehensively tackle mechanical, structural, physiological, and psychological factors influencing fitness outcomes. You’ll start to establish this mindset through required courses in psychology, statistics, chemistry, anatomy, and physiology before uncovering ... ... exercise psychology, anatomy, physiology and biomechanics. What can I do with this degree? The Bachelor of Science in Exercise Science prepares students for ...Kinesiology and Exercise Science (MS) Degree Type: Master. Department: Teaching and Learning. School: Education and Human Development. Law, Ethics and Society (UC) ... Degree Type: Bachelor, Online Degrees. Department: Center for Women's and Gender Studies. School: Integrated Science and Humanity.Like a kinesiology online degree program, Concordia University- St. Paul offers a bachelor’s degree in exercise science online. This program is designed for busy adults and students. The program focuses on kinesiology principles. A particular focus is on how these principles relate to human movement, conditioning, and wellness management.Ultimately, personal trainers are dedicated to progress, improvement, and overcoming obstacles. If you are driven to this lifestyle of workplace freedom and motivating others to thrive, Maryville University offers a thorough online Bachelor of Science in Exercise Science program. You can choose from two concentrations that put you in control of ...Online ; Why Charles Sturt? How to apply ; Contact us ; Current students Current student site; Student Portal; Interact 2; Global links Library; Jobs; Giving; Alumni; Staff; Bachelor of Exercise and Sport Science ...Learn more about Bachelor of Science (Exercise and Sport Science) program including the program fees, scholarships, scores and further course information Rankings. Rankings ... We offer degree and postgraduate courses across 10 study areas, with many courses offering part-time and online study options.The foundation of physiology and exercise science is the nature of human movement and how it impacts our day-to-day lives, and the demand for physiology professionals is only growing in the U.S., with occupations like athletic trainer, occupational therapist, and exercise physiologist projected to grow 9% or more over the next several years …Many jobs in the sciences require at least a bachelor’s degree in a related field. Some of the most common science bachelor’s degrees conferred during the 2018-2019 school year included : Major Number of bachelor’s degrees awarded; Nursing: 143,232: Biology: 75,016: Kinesiology and exercise science: 25,514: Chemistry: 13,723 ...Texas A&M University – Commerce is a medium-sized, public institution that offers an online Master of Science in Health, Kinesiology, and Sports Studies requiring 30 credit hours. The curriculum covers sports coaching, conditioning, and physical fitness. Students may also pursue a core concentration in Sports Coaching.NEW! The Exercise Science Degree Program now offers 3 concentrations: Strength and Conditioning. The Strength and Conditioning Concentration prepares students with the knowledge and skills essential for the Strength and Conditioning Specialist.An exercise science degree that scientifically addresses issues of health and fitness by focusing on how people can recover from the unhealthy effects of ...Beginning with a foundation of New York Tech’s general education curriculum, the Bachelor of Science in Exercise Science degree program progressively introduces courses and experiences that encompass the wider domains of exercise, fitness, health, nutrition, and physical activity. Our curriculum includes courses in kinesiology, aerobic ... The online bachelor's in exercise science lets you study exercise science, human performance, wellness, and fitness, plus build a strong foundation in business, marketing, management and more. Choose our …Texas A&M University – Commerce is a medium-sized, public institution that offers an online Master of Science in Health, Kinesiology, and Sports Studies requiring 30 credit hours. The curriculum covers sports coaching, conditioning, and physical fitness. Students may also pursue a core concentration in Sports Coaching.10 Feb 2021 ... ... Science in Exercise Science: Sports Performance Emphasis: https://www.gcu.edu/degree-programs/bachelor-science-exercise-science-sports-Bachelor's Degree Programs Kinesiology, B.S. This online degree concentration in fitness and wellness is designed to prepare students for careers in preventive and rehabilitative fitness and wellness, health disparities, and chronic illnesses prevention and serves as a pre-professional program of study for Kinesiology and other allied health ...As the most affordable private college in the Twin Cities, CSP Global offers the exercise science degree online program at $420 per credit hour. You can transfer a maximum of 90 credit hours to lower your total tuition to $12,600. Convenient payment options and $2,000 partnership scholarships are also available to make your education even more ... Aug 24, 2023 · Bachelor's in exercise science programs emphasize the knowledge and skills needed to improve patients' mobility and overall health. Typical courses include exercise physiology, anatomy and physiology, and sport nutrition. Other curriculum highlights feature coursework in biomechanics and movement in health and exercise. Oct 16, 2023 · Champion the World of Health and Wellness by Pursuing One of Liberty University’s Bachelor’s Degrees in Exercise Science! October 16, 2023. Request Information Apply Now. Jul 13, 2023 · Like a kinesiology online degree program, Concordia University- St. Paul offers a bachelor’s degree in exercise science online. This program is designed for busy adults and students. The program focuses on kinesiology principles. A particular focus is on how these principles relate to human movement, conditioning, and wellness management. Bachelor of Science in Exercise Physiology is the study of how the body responds to the stress of exercise, a field that requires an understanding of the basic sciences such as anatomy and physiology, as well as the applied exercise sciences. Our undergraduate program begins with these foundational sciences and gradually adds the applied skills ...The bachelor's degree in exercise science at the University of Kansas provides students with a thorough understanding of the human body and prepares them to work in health-related professional fields. The program's coursework focuses on varying areas including: physiology of exercise, motor control, biomechanics, and rehabilitative exercise.This bachelor’s degree in exercise science is designed to prepare undergraduate students for direct entry into the field of sport performance and strength and conditioning at various levels of athletics including high school, college, club, professional sports, and private practice, among others. In addition, undergraduates can expect to ...Sport science degrees usually last for three or four years at undergraduate (bachelor’s) level and one or two years at master’s level. Teaching will typically be conducted via lectures and seminars, but you can also expect laboratory sessions (when studying exercise physiology and biomechanics); practical sessions (in gyms, sports halls ...Laboratory experiences include such things as the administration of exercise tolerance tests, exercise prescription, nutrition information and body composition analysis. For more information, or to declare your major, contact the Exercise Science Program Director, Katie Taylor, PhD at [email protected] or 509.359.4539. Learn more about the Bachelor of Science in Exercise Science program curriculum. Exercise Science Degree Career Outlook. The Connecticut Department of Labor projects growth by 2028 in many professions that Exercise Science program graduates can pursue. There is a projected growth of 23.8% for physician assistants, 13.3% for physical therapists ...Here are some additional high-paying jobs people with degrees in exercise science can hold: Physician Assistant: $74,815 per year. Family medicine physician: $290,181 per year. Surgeon: $299,298 per year. Discover the highest-paying jobs you can get with a degree in exercise science, including average salaries and primary duties for …Graduates from the Bachelor of Exercise and Sport Sciences course between 2014 and 2024 (inclusive) can gain professional recognition as an Accredited Exercise Scientist. Note: When applying for accreditation through ESSA, Academic transcripts prior to 2020 must state ESSA accredited stream or be accompanied by a letter to confirm ESSA ...Bachelor of Science (B.S.) College: College of Education & Behavioral Science Department: Health, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Description. The Arkansas State University Exercise Science program is designed to prepare students for a variety of jobs in commercial fitness, corporate fitness, and the clinical settings through the combination of course work and practical experiences ... A major in Exercise Science provides an excellent foundation for careers in any fitness or allied healthcare profession. For instance, you may work in a ...Here are some additional high-paying jobs people with degrees in exercise science can hold: Physician Assistant: $74,815 per year. Family medicine physician: $290,181 per year. Surgeon: $299,298 per year. Discover the highest-paying jobs you can get with a degree in exercise science, including average salaries and primary duties for …17 Jan 2023 ... Consider UNC's B.S in Sport and Exercise Science if you want to: · Work as physical education teacher · Start a career in physical or occupational ...With a bachelor's in Exercise and Sport Science degree, you'll prepare for success in professional programs like medical school, occupational therapy ...California Baptist University offers an affordable online Bachelor in sport science degree. The Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology is a well-rounded degree. And it meets the needs of those pursuing graduate training in kinesiology and athletic training. It includes courses in areas like physical education and exercise science.Compare cost and program characteristics of the top 6 online bachelor degree in kinesiology and exercise science available in the US The Bachelor of Science in health sciences with a concentration in healthy lifestyles and fitness science is the first program in the nation focused on preparing students for both the health and wellness coaching and fitness science fields. By combining exercise, wellness, nutrition and health sciences, this program provides you with a solid ...Our fully online graduate degree is 30 credit hours, which means this combined program allows for students to complete their bachelor’s and master’s degrees in five years total. LEARN MORE. Back To Top. Bachelor’s of Science in Exercise Science and Health Promotion Concentration in Pre-Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy (Pre-P.T./O.T.) Annual Tuition: $24,413. Locations: Tempe (AZ) (and 4 others) Accreditation: HLC. Learn More. Arizona State University is a large, public institution with a Bachelor of Science in Integrative Health, which teaches students holistic health care strategies for mental, physical, and spiritual well-being.Washington State University (WSU) is a public institution that offers a Bachelor of Science in Biology requiring 120 credit hours. This online degree program covers molecular biology, physiology, plant development, and cell biology. Overall, WSU accepts 80% of applicants, while 65% of students end up graduating.There are a growing number of HBCU online programs currently available to you. Online learning or ‘distance learning’ can be a great education option that offers many benefits including: convenience, flexibility, time-savings and affordability. A growing number of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU’s) are offering online ...This online or on-campus Kinesiology degree offers secondary study streams in: Teacher education to teach physical education in grades K–12. Coach, train and manage sport and esport participants to improve fitness, wellness and performance. Kinesiology applications to work in health and fitness or to pursue advanced degrees.Compare cost and program characteristics of the top 6 online bachelor degree in kinesiology and exercise science available in the US 1. George Mason University. You can earn a BS in Kinesiology degree on the Fairfax, VA campus of George Mason University. This exercise science degree program prepares you to work in wellness, corporate fitness, clinical exercise, and a host of other careers.Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology | 100% Online Online Bachelor Degree: Kinesiology Pursue a variety of careers in fitness, wellness, sports management and leadership. All 100% online! Become an Expert in Health & Fitness Learn how our 100% online programs can help you get ahead in the exercise science field. Application Deadline: Jan. 3, 2024The B.A. in Exercise degree online at Concordia University, St. Paul focuses on kinesiology concepts in human movement, exercise, and management.The Bachelor of Science in Exercise Science (Primary Option) is a degree plan designed to prepare students to apply for post-graduate professional programs in ...NASM exams are made available at preferred student pricing. Our Bachelor of Science in Sports and Health Sciences online program covers these essential topics, considered foundational to the allied health professions: Exercise science. Exercise testing and programming. Fitness. Nutrition. Health and wellness. Anatomy and physiology.Sport science degrees usually last for three or four years at undergraduate (bachelor’s) level and one or two years at master’s level. Teaching will typically be conducted via lectures and seminars, but you can also expect laboratory sessions (when studying exercise physiology and biomechanics); practical sessions (in gyms, sports halls ...16 Bachelors Degree Exercise Science jobs available in Saint Bernard, OH on Indeed.com. Apply to Personal Trainer, Fitness Specialist, Senior Program Director and more!Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology | 100% Online Online Bachelor Degree: Kinesiology Pursue a variety of careers in fitness, wellness, sports management and leadership. All 100% online! Become an Expert in Health & Fitness Learn how our 100% online programs can help you get ahead in the exercise science field. Application Deadline: Jan. 3, 2024Texas A&M University – Commerce is a medium-sized, public institution that offers an online Master of Science in Health, Kinesiology, and Sports Studies requiring 30 credit hours. The curriculum covers sports coaching, conditioning, and physical fitness. Students may also pursue a core concentration in Sports Coaching.The Exercise Science Program is designed to equip future exercise professionals with the knowledge and skills to meet the diverse health and wellness needs of our population through the integration of coursework with laboratory-based and field-based experiential learning. Students will explore the science of human movement through curriculum in ...Get a bachelor’s degree in exercise science and physiology from Salem University. Study biology, anatomy, kinesiology, nutrition, and more online or on campus. Apply NowVisit & ConnectRequest InfoStudent PortalSearch Search for: Home Future Students Admissions Undergraduate Graduate International Students Transfer Students Online Learning Comparing exercise science vs. exercise physiology reveals similarities, such as a shared interest in health and wellness. It also shows differences in focus. An exercise science degree can lead the way to a career helping people create exercise routines and achieve their health and fitness goals. Pursuing an exercise physiology job will allow ... 30 Mar 2023 ... Our new BSc (Hons) Sports and Exercise Science undergraduate degree combines cutting edge teaching with world-leading sports...Kinesiology and Exercise Science (MS) Degree Type: Master. Department: Teaching and Learning. School: Education and Human Development. Law, Ethics and Society (UC) ... Degree Type: Bachelor, Online Degrees. Department: Center for Women's and Gender Studies. School: Integrated Science and Humanity.When it comes to choosing a college major, students often find themselves debating between pursuing a Bachelor of Arts (BA) or a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree. While both degrees offer valuable educational experiences, they differ in thei...2. PennWest California's Exercise Science Online Bachelor of Science is an online program that focuses on professional development, preventative healthcare, leadership, business skills, and top-quality fitness education. This major also emphasizes leadership development and sharpening business skills.A 2-year degree is called an associate degree and can be an Associate of Arts (AA) or an Associate of Science (AS) degree. This differs from a bachelor degree, which requires 4 years of courses. Students can receive associate degrees from c...NASM exams are made available at preferred student pricing. Our Bachelor of Science in Sports and Health Sciences online program covers these essential topics, considered foundational to the allied health professions: Exercise science. Exercise testing and programming. Fitness. Nutrition. Health and wellness. Anatomy and physiology.BACHELOR OF SCIENCE Exercise Science. Life University’s students in this program receive the highest-quality education and technical instruction in the disciplines of anatomy, biology, biochemistry, physiology and kinesiology, and they apply this knowledge to a range of populations.Bachelor's Degree Programs Kinesiology, B.S. This online degree concentration in fitness and wellness is designed to prepare students for careers in preventive and rehabilitative fitness and wellness, health disparities, and chronic illnesses prevention and serves as a pre-professional program of study for Kinesiology and other allied health ... Exercise Science . The Bachelor of Science in Exercise Science degree program is designed to prepare students through academic coursework, laboratory instruction, and clinical internship experiences to work in the field of exercise science and provide the academic preparation necessary for graduate study in allied health and applied kinesiology ...BACHELOR OF SCIENCE Exercise Science. Life University’s students in this program receive the highest-quality education and technical instruction in the disciplines of anatomy, biology, biochemistry, physiology and kinesiology, and they apply this knowledge to a range of populations.Format: Online or in person on the Statesboro Campus. Credit Hours: 124. Georgia Southern University’s Exercise Science degree program focuses on the study of how exercise relates to the body anatomically, biomechanically, neurologically, physiologically and psychologically.
Answer: Yes, there are a number of exercise science degrees available online, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Schools offering online exercise .... Kansas state game on tv
With coursework in kinesiology, physiology, wellness and psychology, you'll be prepared to develop HIT training, exercise testing, group fitness programs & more. Get detailed …With an Associate of Applied Science in Exercise and Sport Science, your courses will focus on specific industry skills. Taking less time to complete than a bachelor’s degree, an associate degree is an excellent way to start your professional career faster and more cost-effectively while still helping you gain the skills and experience necessary for a career in the field. You will earn the same diploma as our on-campus students. This transfer-oriented two-year associate degree is designed for those interested in beginning their educational path toward a bachelor's degree in athletic training, exercise science/nutrition, kinesiology, sports medicine or occupational therapy. Exercise science is the study of how ... The Exercise Science stream in the field of Sport Science gives students a holistic overview of the technical expertise, skills and knowledge required to ...Students who choose to pursue a minor in fitness and wellness may take classes in Parkville and Online. The Bachelor of Science degree requires a minimum of ...Reasons to Get Your Bachelor's in Nutrition Online. Set Your Own Schedule: Online courses give you the flexibility to fit school into your life on your own terms. Balance Your Priorities: Hold down a job, a family, a business, and hobbies, and pursue a degree at the same time. Save Your Money: Forget spending money on room …With a B.S. in Exercise Science from Multnomah University, you will be prepared to embark into the world with a thorough understanding of the human body.Advancing Your Career with a Bachelor’s Degree in Exercise Science A career in the health and fitness sector is an excellent option for individuals who understand the essential role of physical exercise in preventing and …As the most affordable private college in the Twin Cities, CSP Global offers the exercise science degree online program at $420 per credit hour. You can transfer a maximum of 90 credit hours to lower your total tuition to $12,600. Convenient payment options and $2,000 partnership scholarships are also available to make your education even more ... Augusta, GA. Augusta University offers 2 Kinesiology and Exercise Science degree programs. It's a medium sized, public, four-year university in a midsize city. In 2020, 76 Kinesiology and Exercise Science students graduated with students earning 71 Bachelor's degrees, and 5 Master's degrees. Based on 1 Reviews.As the most affordable private college in the Twin Cities, CSP Global offers the exercise science degree online program at $420 per credit hour. You can transfer a maximum of 90 credit hours to lower your total tuition to $12,600. Convenient payment options and $2,000 partnership scholarships are also available to make your education even more ...Exercise Science is the clinical discipline of Kinesiology, the study of the body and its movement through space. A degree in Exercise Science provides you with ...Recent USF graduate Andres Rodriguez strives to promote access to holistic health plans and enhance the well-being of his community. The Exercise Science Laboratories provide state-of-the-art fitness and body composition testing services to members of the local community ... 16 jun 2023 ... ... physiology, nutrition, and fitness theory. Exercise science bachelor's degree. A Bachelor's degree in exercise science will prepare you for a ...2. PennWest California's Exercise Science Online Bachelor of Science is an online program that focuses on professional development, preventative healthcare, leadership, business skills, and top-quality fitness education. This major also emphasizes leadership development and sharpening business skills.Recent USF graduate Andres Rodriguez strives to promote access to holistic health plans and enhance the well-being of his community. The Exercise Science Laboratories provide state-of-the-art fitness and body composition testing services to members of the local community ...Try our new UoPeople Cost Calculator and get an estimated cost and graduation date for your bachelor's degree today. TRY IT NOW. Approved and Accredited by. In Collaboration with. ... Computer Science, or Health Science. Learn More. Certificate Programs. Short, specialized programs available in 11 fields, each designed for on-the-job ...University of North Carolina at Greensboro offers 3 Kinesiology and Exercise Science degree programs. It's a large, public, four-year university in a large city. In 2020, 179 Kinesiology and Exercise Science students graduated with students earning 146 Bachelor's degrees, 21 Master's degrees, and 12 Doctoral degrees. Based on 7 Reviews.This affordable exercise science degree is a versatile BS in Kinesiology that offers four concentrations: Exercise Science, Health and Fitness, Teacher Certification, and Sports Medicine. Graduates with this degree, depending on your concentration, will be prepared for kinesiology careers or have the foundation to pursue pre-professional ... NASM exams are made available at preferred student pricing. Our Bachelor of Science in Sports and Health Sciences online program covers these essential topics, considered foundational to the allied health professions: Exercise science. Exercise testing and programming. Fitness. Nutrition. Health and wellness. Anatomy and physiology. The bachelor’s degree program in Kinesiology is appropriate for students interested in pursuing careers in sport science, health promotion, medicine, wellness, strength and conditioning, and clinical healthcare careers such as personal training, sport performance coaching, athletic training, occupational therapy, physical therapy, cardiac rehabilitation, ….